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How to Fix Visitor Errors

DodaTech Updated 2026-06-26 1 min read

In this tutorial, you'll learn about How to Fix Visitor Errors. We cover key concepts, practical examples, and best practices.

Fix visitor errors when new operation requires modifying all element classes (violates Open/Closed).

Quick Fix

Wrong

class Circle:
    def export_xml(self): print('Circle XML')
    def export_json(self): print('Circle JSON')
class Square:
    def export_xml(self): print('Square XML')
    def export_json(self): print('Square JSON')
# Adding export_yaml requires modifying both Circle and Square!

Every new operation needs changes in all classes. Violates Open/Closed principle.

from abc import ABC,abstractmethod
class Visitor(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def visit_circle(self,c): pass
    @abstractmethod
    def visit_square(self,s): pass
class XMLVisitor(Visitor):
    def visit_circle(self,c): print('Circle XML')
    def visit_square(self,s): print('Square XML')
class JSONVisitor(Visitor):
    def visit_circle(self,c): print('Circle JSON')
    def visit_square(self,s): print('Square JSON')
class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def accept(self,v): pass
class Circle(Shape):
    def accept(self,v): v.visit_circle(self)
class Square(Shape):
    def accept(self,v): v.visit_square(self)
shapes=[Circle(),Square()]
for s in shapes: s.accept(XMLVisitor())
New operation = new Visitor class. Element classes unchanged. Open/Closed preserved.

Prevention

Visitor adds operations without modifying elements. New operation = new visitor class.

DodaTech Tools

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FAQ

What is Visitor?

Separates algorithm from object structure. New operation without changing element classes.

When to use?

Many unrelated operations on stable object structure. Compiler AST operations.

Tradeoff?

Adding new element type requires updating all visitors (but element structure is stable).

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