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How to Fix Memento Errors

DodaTech Updated 2026-06-26 1 min read

In this tutorial, you'll learn about How to Fix Memento Errors. We cover key concepts, practical examples, and best practices.

Fix memento errors when object exposes internal state publicly for save/restore breaking encapsulation.

Quick Fix

Wrong

class Editor:
    def __init__(self):
        self.content=''; self.cursor=0; self.selection=''
    def save(self):
        return (self.content,self.cursor,self.selection)  # exposes internals
    def restore(self,s):
        self.content,self.cursor,self.selection=s  # tuple coupling

Tuple exposes all fields. Changing Editor fields breaks all save/restore callers.

from dataclasses import dataclass
class Editor:
    def __init__(self):
        self.content=''; self.cursor=0; self.selection=''
    def save(self): return Memento(self.content,self.cursor,self.selection)
    def restore(self,m):
        self.content,m.cursor,m.selection = m.content,m.cursor,m.selection
@dataclass
class Memento:
    content: str; cursor: int; selection: str
class History:
    def __init__(self): self.states=[]
    def push(self,m): self.states.append(m)
    def pop(self): return self.states.pop()
ed=Editor(); history=History()
history.push(ed.save())
ed.content='new'
ed.restore(history.pop())
Memento class encapsulates snapshot. History manages state timeline. Editor internals hidden.

Prevention

Memento captures object state without violating encapsulation. Originator, Memento, Caretaker.

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FAQ

What is Memento?

Snapshot of object state. Originator creates/restores. Caretaker manages history.

Why not tuple?

Tuple couples caller to class internals. Changing fields breaks all call sites.

Real-world?

Text editor undo, game save states, transaction rollback.

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