Prolog — Complete Guide

Prolog Negation

What Is Prolog?

Prolog is a declarative logic programming language where you describe what the problem is, not how to solve it.

Facts, Rules, and Queries — Complete Guide

Prolog facts are ground truths, rules define conditional relationships, and queries ask questions of the knowledge base.

Unification — Complete Guide

Unification is Prolog's pattern-matching engine that finds variable bindings making two terms identical.

Recursion — Complete Guide

Recursion replaces iteration in Prolog, with recursive predicates having a base case and a recursive case.

List Processing — Complete Guide

Prolog lists use head/tail pattern matching [H|T] for elegant recursive list processing without explicit loops.

Backtracking — Complete Guide

Backtracking is Prolog's built-in search engine that tries alternative solutions when a goal fails.

Cut Operator — Complete Guide

The cut operator ! commits to choices made since the parent goal, pruning the search space for efficiency.

Arithmetic and Comparisons — Complete Guide

Prolog uses is for arithmetic evaluation, with operators like >, <, =:= for comparisons.

Built-in Predicates — Complete Guide

Prolog built-in predicates include findall, setof, bagof, sort, and length for common programming tasks.

Definite Clause Grammars — Complete Guide

DCGs provide elegant syntax for parsing natural language and generating grammatically correct sentences.

Constraint Logic Programming — Complete Guide

CLP(FD) solves puzzles like Sudoku by declaring constraints and letting Prolog find solutions.

Search Algorithms — Complete Guide

Prolog implements DFS, BFS, and A* search naturally through its built-in backtracking mechanism.

Input/Output — Complete Guide

Prolog I/O includes reading from files, writing output, and handling user input during queries.

Real-World Projects — Complete Guide

Build expert systems, logic puzzles, and natural language tools using Prolog's declarative paradigm.